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Seamless immediate oxidation mechanism of perforation


Analysis, the outer oxide layer composed entirely of oxides by x-ray diffraction experiments that a mainly Fe203, FeO4 and a small amount of FeO. The high oxygen content oxide layer, there are many voids and crystal defects. And because the thermal expansion coefficient of oxide thermal expansion coefficient than the metal is much smaller, and thus the surface during the cooling process allows extremely fast cooling rate is more even peeling rupture of the outer oxide. In the inner oxide,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], with the reduction of oxygen, n-Fe content increasing, mainly iron oxide to FeO,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], which makes a gradual transition of the oxidized surface of a curve-based coefficient of thermal expansion changes, and because the three oxidation the best plastic FeO iron,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], hardness minimum, so the innermost oxide in the presence of FeO. Oxide useful in combination with the matrix, thus effectively reducing the cooling produced by the internal stress and enhanced oxidation of the surface and substrate adhesion. 4 Conclusion The study suggests: low, medium and alloy steel to be most important immediate surface oxidation. Oxidation produced only solves the immediate problem of bonded steel surface, but also be able to maintain a high-rolling conditions, the strength, and process is simple. Low cost, effective,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is the production of carbon steel and low alloy pipe can not be replaced head surface treatment. Oxide oxidation of the outer head in the cr, Ni content is lower than the matrix, which is outside the temperature and the formation of oxide generated environment. Oxide in the alloy elements within the cr, Ni,, si concentrations are higher than the matrix, in which Ni is present in the form of metal particles within the oxide skin. The tiny particles dispersed within the oxide scale can help to improve the microstructure and reduce the internal stress of oxide scale. To improve the oxide scale and substrate adhesion. Oxide surface x-ray diffraction analysis of a show outside to the inside structure of oxide is: F + FO4 + FeO Fe203 + Fe304 one by one a Feo + q-Fe as FeO three iron oxide in the plastic is best. The lowest hardness, the innermost layer of oxide has therefore there is benefit in FeO oxide and substrate combination. Select the outermost oxide 56.65% oxygen, bandits surface lO00. um at the oxygen content was 15.88%. Outside the furnace oxide is formed in the cooling process, the formation of strong oxidizing medium, and its growing environment and mechanism are different and internal oxide. Therefore, sulfur loose porous, adhesion is poor. To avoid cracking and external oxidation of skin peeling off, head protection should be in reducing the cooling medium in order to form a high quality oxide. Acknowledgements This research was supported by Professor Liu Minzhi sincere guidance. To express my sincere thanks! Yang Seamless piercing plug to study the mechanism of oxidation of 51 References 1 Sun Shixiu increased punch life measures in head tube,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 1989,52 glow Onuki (Japan) seamless steel pressure punching machine Features and head loss. Foreign steel. 1985,33 c. H. m target e Yang H. B (Russia). The high piercing plug Yun oxidation. Steel pipe, 1990.54 Onuki Glow (days). Seamless punch in the head rolling temperature and surface condition. Steel, 1986,35 Sugimoto of Japan by the kernel and other open license bulletin. Level 2-133106f editor, Ho Wai AStudyonOxideGrowthMechanismofthePericingPlugYangZhidi (DepamtMetalMetedaLSichu.mUnionlAnlversity) ABS11RAcTThehightemperatureoxidationprocesse ~ ofthepiercingplugareintroducedandstud puzzle. Thequalityofthe8c ugly leis called 1iraportazltheto ~ thatinfluencectheservicellfeofpiercingplugs. Themalymdealswiththeele ~ nentdietrbution, thestructureoftheeandtheoxygemweightpercentontheplugb'llr ~ acebyEPAM-X-rayandESCA. Thegrowthmechanismandthefactorof9calearealsobroughtintodiscussion. Keywords: peri ~ ngplng. proce ~. growthmechaIIim

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